Importing from China to the EU: Complete Guide to Shipping, Costs, and Customs
Importing goods from China to the European Union like Poland, Netherlands, Romaine… remains a key strategy for EU businesses seeking competitive pricing and reliable supply chains. From electronics and home products to textiles and industrial components, China continues to be one of the EU’s most important trading partners.
This guide explains how to import from China to the EU, covering the full import process, customs requirements, shipping methods, transit times, and container shipping costs in early 2026. It also highlights upcoming EU regulatory changes that importers should prepare for, including new customs charges for low-value parcels starting in July 2026.
Table of Contents
How to Import from China to the EU?
1. Register as an EU Importer
To import goods into the EU, your business must be established in an EU member state and hold a valid Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI) number. This number is mandatory for customs declarations throughout the EU.
2. Choose Products and Check EU Compliance
Before placing orders, confirm that your products are permitted for sale in the EU. Correct HS code classification is essential, as it determines import duties, VAT rates, and regulatory requirements.
Products such as electronics, toys, machinery, cosmetics, and chemicals may require CE marking, conformity declarations, or additional approvals to meet EU standards.
3. Source Reliable Chinese Suppliers
Suppliers can be found through B2B platforms, trade fairs, or sourcing agents. Always verify business registrations, request samples, and confirm quality control procedures. For larger volumes, a China-based sourcing agent can significantly reduce risk.
4. Calculate Total Landed Cost
A complete landed cost calculation should include product price, international shipping, insurance, EU import duties, VAT, and customs clearance fees.
EU import duties typically range from 0% to 17%, while VAT rates vary by destination country, generally between 17% and 27%. From July 2026, parcels valued under €150 will be subject to a €3 customs handling charge.
5. Agree on Payment Terms and Incoterms
Secure payment methods such as letters of credit or escrow services help reduce financial risk. Clearly define Incoterms such as FOB, CIF, or DDP to clarify responsibilities for transport, insurance, and customs costs.
6. Arrange Shipping and Documentation
A freight forwarder usually manages logistics and paperwork. Standard documents include a commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading or air waybill, certificate of origin, and any required EU compliance documents.
7. EU Customs Clearance
Goods entering the EU must be declared to customs in the first EU country of entry. Import duties and VAT must be paid before release. Most importers rely on customs brokers or freight forwarders to manage this process.
8. Delivery and Quality Inspection
After customs clearance, goods are delivered to your warehouse or fulfillment center. Inspect shipments immediately to identify any damage, shortages, or quality issues.
Shipping Methods from China to the EU
Sea Freight
Sea freight is the most cost-effective option for large shipments. Full Container Load (FCL) is suitable for higher volumes, while Less than Container Load (LCL) allows smaller shipments to share container space.
Air Freight
Air freight is the fastest shipping method but also the most expensive. It is best suited for high-value, lightweight, or time-sensitive goods.
Rail Freight
Rail freight via the China–Europe Railway Express offers a balance between cost and speed. It is especially attractive for inland EU destinations and businesses focused on reducing carbon emissions.
Express Courier Shipping
Courier services are mainly used for small parcels and samples. While costs are high, delivery is fast and customs handling is simplified.
Shipping Time from China to the EU
Transit times depend on the shipping method, destination, and seasonal factors such as port congestion or public holidays.
- Sea Freight: 20–40 days (Shanghai to Rotterdam: 25–35 days)
- Air Freight: 3–10 days including handling
- Rail Freight: 15–18 days (e.g. Chongqing to Duisburg)
During peak seasons such as Lunar New Year in February 2026, transit times may increase.
Shipping Costs from China to the EU (Early 2026)
Freight rates fluctuate based on fuel prices, capacity, and global demand. As of January 2026, rates are relatively stable but showing moderate upward pressure.
| Shipping Method | Average Cost | Transit Time |
|---|---|---|
| Sea Freight | $2,200–$3,200 (40ft container) | 20–40 days |
| Air Freight | $4–$8 per kg | 3–10 days |
| Rail Freight | $3,000–$5,000 (40ft container) | 15–18 days |
Additional costs may include port handling fees, documentation charges, and fuel or congestion surcharges. The China Containerized Freight Index currently stands at approximately 1,656 points.
Key Tips for China to EU Importers
Shipping routes from China to Europe can be highly unstable, so it is important to confirm transit times with your freight forwarder multiple times and stay in close communication throughout the shipment. In some cases, delays can be significant, with certain shipments being held up for more than six months due to port congestion, inspections, or route changes.
If you are worried about customs clearance, taxes, or unexpected charges upon arrival, you may want to consider DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) shipping. Under DDP terms, the seller or logistics provider takes responsibility for customs clearance, import duties, and VAT, which can reduce risk and make the import process more predictable—especially for businesses with limited experience in EU customs procedures.
- Book shipping space early during peak seasons
- Consider rail freight for lower emissions
- Always insure cargo against loss or damage
- Monitor the expansion of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in 2026
- Work with experienced freight forwarders and customs brokers
- Consolidate shipments to save shipping costs
Conclusion
Importing from China to the EU(especial for Romania) offers strong opportunities for European businesses, but success depends on careful planning and compliance. By understanding EU customs procedures, choosing the right shipping method, and accurately calculating landed costs, importers can reduce risk and protect profit margins.
With changing regulations and evolving freight markets in 2026, staying informed and working with reliable logistics partners or China sourcing agent is essential for long-term success.
